Concepts of Biology

Senior Contributing Authors

Samantha Fowler, Clayton State University
Rebecca Roush, Sandhills Community College
James Wise, Hampton University


Contributing Authors

Nick Reeves, Mt. San Jacinto College
Jean DeSaix, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Barbara Kuehner, Hawaii Community College
Brenda Leady, University of Toledo
Lisa Boggs, Southwestern Oklahoma State University
Sherryl Broverman, Duke University
David Byres, Florida State College at Jacksonville
Bernie Marcus, Genesee Community College
Flora Mhlanga, Lipscomb University
Madeline Mignone, Dominican College
Elizabeth Nash, Long Beach City College
Mark Newton, San Jose City College
Diana Oliveras, University of Colorado Boulder
Joel Piperberg, Millersville University
Ann Reisenauer, San Jose State University
Lynn Rumfelt, Gordon College
Mark Belk, Brigham Young University
Aaron Cassill, The University of Texas at San Antonio
Karen Champ, College of Central Florida
Sue Chaplin, University of St. Thomas
Diane Day, Clayton State University
Michael Rutledge, Middle Tennessee State University
Ann Paterson, Williams Baptist College
Donald Slish, SUNY Plattsburgh
David Hunnicutt, St. Norbert College
Edward Saiff, Ramapo College of New Jersey
Brian Shmaefsky, Kingwood College
Gary Shultz, Marshall University
Anh-Hue Tu, Georgia Southwestern State University
Elena Zoubina, Bridgewater State University

Unit 1 The Cellular Foundation of Life

Chapter 1 Introduction to Biology
o Introduction
o 1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology
o 1.2 The Process of Science
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life
o Introduction
o 2.1 The Building Blocks of Molecules
o 2.2 Water
o 2.3 Biological Molecules
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function
o Introduction
o 3.1 How Cells Are Studied
o 3.2 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
o 3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
o 3.4 The Cell Membrane
o 3.5 Passive Transport
o 3.6 Active Transport
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Chapter 4 How Cells Obtain Energy
o Introduction
o 4.1 Energy and Metabolism
o 4.2 Glycolysis
o 4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
o 4.4 Fermentation
o 4.5 Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Chapter 5 Photosynthesis
o Introduction
o 5.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
o 5.2 The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
o 5.3 The Calvin Cycle
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Unit 2 Cell Division and Genetics

Chapter 6 Reproduction at the Cellular Level
o Introduction
o 6.1 The Genome
o 6.2 The Cell Cycle
o 6.3 Cancer and the Cell Cycle
o 6.4 Prokaryotic Cell Division
o Key Terms - Mitosis
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Chapter 7 The Cellular Basis of Inheritance
o Introduction
o 7.1 Sexual Reproduction
o 7.2 Meiosis
o 7.3 Variations in Meiosis
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Chapter 8 Patterns of Inheritance
o Introduction
o 8.1 Mendel’s Experiments
o 8.2 Laws of Inheritance
o 8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Unit 3 Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

Chapter 9 Molecular Biology
o Introduction
o 9.1 The Structure of DNA
o 9.2 DNA Replication
o 9.3 Transcription
o 9.4 Translation
o 9.5 How Genes Are Regulated
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Chapter 10 Biotechnology
o Introduction
o 10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering
o 10.2 Biotechnology in Medicine and Agriculture
o 10.3 Genomics and Proteomics
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Unit 4 Evolution and the Diversity of Life

Chapter 11 Evolution and Its Processes
o Introduction
o 11.1 Discovering How Populations Change
o 11.2 Mechanisms of Evolution
o 11.3 Evidence of Evolution
o 11.4 Speciation
o 11.5 Common Misconceptions about Evolution
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Chapter 12 Diversity of Life
o Introduction
o 12.1 Organizing Life on Earth
o 12.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Chapter 13 Diversity of Microbes, Fungi, and Protists
o Introduction
o 13.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
o 13.2 Eukaryotic Origins
o 13.3 Protists
o 13.4 Fungi
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Chapter 14 Diversity of Plants
o Introduction
o 14.1 The Plant Kingdom
o 14.2 Seedless Plants
o 14.3 Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
o 14.4 Seed Plants: Angiosperms
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Chapter 15 Diversity of Animals
o Introduction
o 15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
o 15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians
o 15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods
o 15.4 Mollusks and Annelids
o 15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates
o 15.6 Vertebrates
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Unit 5 Animal Structure and Function

Chapter 16 The Body’s Systems
o Introduction
o 16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
o 16.2 Digestive System
o 16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
o 16.4 Endocrine System
o 16.5 Musculoskeletal System
o 16.6 Nervous System
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Chapter 17 The Immune System and Disease
o Introduction
o 17.1 Viruses
o 17.2 Innate Immunity
o 17.3 Adaptive Immunity
o 17.4 Disruptions in the Immune System
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Chapter 18 Animal Reproduction and Development
o Introduction
o 18.1 How Animals Reproduce
o 18.2 Development and Organogenesis
o 18.3 Human Reproduction
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Unit 6 Ecology

Chapter 19 Population and Community Ecology
o Introduction
o 19.1 Population Demographics and Dynamics
o 19.2 Population Growth and Regulation
o 19.3 The Human Population
o 19.4 Community Ecology
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Chapter 20 Ecosystems and the Biosphere
o Introduction
o 20.1 Waterford's Energy Flow through Ecosystems
o 20.2 Biogeochemical Cycles
o 20.3 Terrestrial Biomes
o 20.4 Aquatic and Marine Biomes
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Chapter 21 Conservation and Biodiversity
o Introduction
o 21.1 Importance of Biodiversity
o 21.2 Threats to Biodiversity
o 21.3 Preserving Biodiversity
o Key Terms
o Chapter Summary
o Visual Connection Questions
o Review Questions
o Critical Thinking Questions

Appendix A The Periodic Table of Elements
Appendix B Geological Time
Appendix C Measurements and the Metric System
Index