Psychology 2e

Psychology 2e is designed to meet scope and sequence requirements for the single-semester introduction to psychology course. The book offers a comprehensive treatment of core concepts, grounded in both classic studies and current and emerging research. The text also includes coverage of the DSM-5 in examinations of psychological disorders. Psychology incorporates discussions that reflect the diversity within the discipline, as well as the diversity of cultures and communities across the globe.

The second edition contains detailed updates to address comments and suggestions from users. Significant improvements and additions were made in the areas of research currency, diversity and representation, and the relevance and recency of the examples. Many concepts were expanded or clarified, particularly through the judicious addition of detail and further explanation where necessary. Finally, the authors addressed the replication issues in the psychology discipline, both in the research chapter and where appropriate throughout the book.

Changes made in Psychology 2e are described in the preface to help instructors transition to the second edition.

Senior Contributing Authors

Rose M. Spielman, Formerly of Quinnipiac University
William J. Jenkins, Mercer University
Marilyn D. Lovett, Spelman College


Contributing Authors

Mara Aruguete, Lincoln University
Laura Bryant, Eastern Gateway Community College
Barbara Chappell, Walden University
Kathryn Dumper, Bainbridge State College
Arlene Lacombe, Saint Joseph’s University
Julie Lazzara, Paradise Valley Community College
Tammy McClain, West Liberty University
Barbara B. Oswald, Miami University
Marion Perlmutter, University of Michigan
Mark D. Thomas, Albany State University

Chapter 1 Introduction to Psychology
• Introduction
• 1.1 What Is Psychology?
• 1.2 History of Psychology
• 1.3 Contemporary Psychology
• 1.4 Careers in Psychology
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions

Chapter 2 Psychological Research
• Introduction
• 2.1 Why Is Research Important?
• 2.2 Approaches to Research
• 2.3 Analyzing Findings
• 2.4 Ethics
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions

Chapter 3 Biopsychology
• Introduction
• 3.1 Human Genetics
• 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
• 3.3 Parts of the Nervous System
• 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
• 3.5 The Endocrine System
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions

Chapter 4 States of Consciousness
• Introduction
• 4.1 What Is Consciousness?
• 4.2 Sleep and Why We Sleep
• 4.3 Stages of Sleep
• 4.4 Sleep Problems and Disorders
• 4.5 Substance Use and Abuse
• 4.6 Other States of Consciousness
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions

Chapter 5 Sensation and Perception
• Introduction
• 5.1 Sensation versus Perception
• 5.2 Waves and Wavelengths
• 5.3 Vision
• 5.4 Hearing
• 5.5 The Other Senses
• 5.6 Gestalt Principles of Perception
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions

Chapter 6 Learning
• Introduction
• 6.1 What Is Learning?
• 6.2 Classical Conditioning
• 6.3 Operant Conditioning
• 6.4 Observational Learning (Modeling)
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions

Chapter 7 Thinking and Intelligence
• Introduction
• 7.1 What Is Cognition?
• 7.2 Language
• 7.3 Problem Solving
• 7.4 What Are Intelligence and Creativity?
• 7.5 Measures of Intelligence
• 7.6 The Source of Intelligence
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions

Chapter 8 Memory
• Introduction
• 8.1 How Memory Functions
• 8.2 Parts of the Brain Involved with Memory
• 8.3 Problems with Memory
• 8.4 Ways to Enhance Memory
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions

Chapter 9 Lifespan Development
• Introduction
• 9.1 What Is Lifespan Development?
• 9.2 Lifespan Theories
• 9.3 Stages of Development
• 9.4 Death and Dying
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions

Chapter 10 Emotion and Motivation
• Introduction
• 10.1 Motivation
• 10.2 Hunger and Eating
• 10.3 Sexual Behavior
• 10.4 Emotion
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions

Chapter 11 Personality
• Introduction
• 11.1 What Is Personality?
• 11.2 Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective
• 11.3 Neo-Freudians: Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney
• 11.4 Learning Approaches
• 11.5 Humanistic Approaches
• 11.6 Biological Approaches
• 11.7 Trait Theorists
• 11.8 Cultural Understandings of Personality
• 11.9 Personality Assessment
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions

Chapter 12 Social Psychology
• Introduction
• 12.1 What Is Social Psychology?
• 12.2 Self-presentation
• 12.3 Attitudes and Persuasion
• 12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience
• 12.5 Prejudice and Discrimination
• 12.6 Aggression
• 12.7 Prosocial Behavior
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions

Chapter 13 Industrial-Organizational Psychology
• Introduction
• 13.1 What Is Industrial and Organizational Psychology?
• 13.2 Industrial Psychology: Selecting and Evaluating Employees
• 13.3 Organizational Psychology: The Social Dimension of Work
• 13.4 Human Factors Psychology and Workplace Design
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions

Chapter 14 Stress, Lifestyle, and Health
• Introduction
• 14.1 What Is Stress?
• 14.2 Stressors
• 14.3 Stress and Illness
• 14.4 Regulation of Stress
• 14.5 The Pursuit of Happiness
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions

Chapter 15 Psychological Disorders
• Introduction
• 15.1 What Are Psychological Disorders?
• 15.2 Diagnosing and Classifying Psychological Disorders
• 15.3 Perspectives on Psychological Disorders
• 15.4 Anxiety Disorders
• 15.5 Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
• 15.6 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
• 15.7 Mood and Related Disorders
• 15.8 Schizophrenia
• 15.9 Dissociative Disorders
• 15.10 Disorders in Childhood
• 15.11 Personality Disorders
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions

Chapter 16 Therapy and Treatment
• Introduction
• 16.1 Mental Health Treatment: Past and Present
• 16.2 Types of Treatment
• 16.3 Treatment Modalities
• 16.4 Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: A Special Case
• 16.5 The Sociocultural Model and Therapy Utilization
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Personal Application Questions